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Berseem crop production guide and estimation of investment per acre

All of the farmers can't afford green fodder direct from the market but they can grow green fodder in their agriculture lands.  

Berseem ranks top among the green fodder plants. Berseem grass suits most of the cattle especially cows, buffalo, and goats. 

Let's understand the process of Berseem crop production with all the requirements. 

Berseem crop production

Berseem plant or grass is a green plant that uses as green fodder for animals. Its maximum height can be 1.2 to 1.4 feet.

Berseem contains 20 to 25% of protein and uses as green fodder for milk-producing animals. A cow can consume up to 40 kg green fodder and  20 kg dry fodder(almost the same as buffalo).  

Berseem

Berseem increases the productivity of milk-producing cattle. It is not for human consumption but still, farmers do their cultivation in their fields.

Requirements to grow berseem crop

Seeds for Berseem crop

For berseem crop cultivation, you need the best quality of seeds. Normally, people prefer packet seeds from the market but it is easier to buy them from local farmers. 

Berseem seeds should not have fungus or hollowness. Usually, people mix berseem seeds with mustard seeds for more productivity but it is important to maintain their ratio. If you are using 5kg of berseem seeds, then add 1 kg mustard seeds. 

Soak them before spreading in the fields. If some seeds float on the water surface then separate them, they are not for cultivation.

Soil type

Berseem grows easily in alluvial soil. Sometimes you can grow them in loamy soil too if the soil is fertilized enough. 

Normal pH for berseem cultivation must be around 6.4 to  7.1. 

The soil must have enough water holding capacity otherwise it is irrelevant for berseem cultivation.

Season and Temperature

Berseem cultivation starts from mid-October to the first week of December. This cultivation lasts from the last week of May to the first week of June.

During this period, berseem can be harvest 5 to 6 times. 

Temperature for berseem cultivation must be around 14 to 16 degrees Celsius during start of cultivation and later 18 to 22 degrees Celsius till last harvesting. 

Fertilizers

The most popular fertilizers in berseem cultivation are chemical ones like Phosphorous, Nitrogen, and Potash. The reason for using them is simply that they work fast and easily available in the market. 

Organic compost of cow dung is the best fertilizer for berseem. If one wants to grow berseem, which means he has cattle. So it is better to use their dung and urine to make organic compost and use it as fertilizer. 

Cultivation process of berseem for 1 acre

You can follow the steps to start the process of berseem cultivation-

  • Using fertilizers first

Make boundaries around your sample land with soil to prevent wastage of water. 

Spread organic compost with soil and mix it well with the help of machines or available options.

  • First irrigation

Now, fill the water up to 3 inches in your agricultural land of 1 acre. 

  • Spreading seeds

You need 8 to 10 kg seeds for your 1-acre land. 

The spreading process is simple, take seeds in your fist, and spread them from one end to the entire land. 

Don't spread them too closely or too wide from each other. The overall distance must maintain at 5 to 7 cm. 

  • Second irrigation

Second irrigation starts, when plants get 25 to 30 days older. It depends on your outcome basically. If you get the first crop in 50 days then do irrigation 15 days before. 

Harvesting of berseem

You don't need to pluck the newer leaves or stem of the berseem plant, just pick older ones from the top.

You will get your first crop in mid-January if you start in November. 

  • First crop- After 50 days(around mid-January)
  • Second crop- After the next 35 days(around February end)
  • Third crop- After the next 30 days(around the last week of March)
  • Fourth crop- After the next 30 days(around the Last week of April)
  • Last crop- After next 35 to 40 days(Last week of May or starting of June)

Production of berseem in 1 acre

Overall production in 1 acre

  • First harvesting- 60 to 70 quintals
  • Second harvesting- 70 to 75 quintals
  • Third harvesting- 75 to 80 quintals
  • Fourth harvesting- 70 to 75 quintals
  • Last harvesting- 60 to 70 quintals

Total Berseem production- 350 quintals to 370 quintals

Investment in berseem cultivation

  • Seeds Cost- 2300 to 2500 INR
  • Fertilizers- 2000 INR
  • Machine work- 1500 to 2000 INR
  • Irrigation water- 2000 INR(for 6 months)

Total cost- 8000 INR 

Precautions

  • Maintain the ratio of the mustard seeds and berseem seeds of 1:5 respectively.
  • Don't overfill the land before cultivation and after cultivation. 
  • Don't pick the newer leaves and stems of the plant. 
  • Separate mustard leaves first, then berseem.
  • Don't use chemical pesticides in your fields.
  • Don't escape the seasonal period of cultivation.

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